Posture economy: the importance of metabolic state on metabolic phenotype assessment and the energy cost of sitting and standing. A whole body calorimetry trial

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Metabolic state (fed vs fasted) can result in marked differences in exercise metabolism, fat, and carbohydrate oxidation. In addition, a large inter-individual range in

metabolic response to sitting and standing when fasted has been observed. Here, we examined the effect of metabolic state on the energy cost of posture allocation. METHODS Thirty male

participants were recruited and followed a 1 h sit-stand protocol in a fasted and fed state inside a whole body calorimeter to measure energy expenditure (EE) and respiratory quotient (RQ).

Body composition and resting metabolic rate were measured before the start. Fasted EE response was used to phenotype participants as energy savers (≤5% ΔEE from sitting to standing) or

energy spenders (>5% ΔEE). RESULTS In a fasted state, ΔEE from sitting to standing in energy spenders was 10.2 ± 2.7% compared to 2.6 ± 1.9% in energy savers (_p_ < 0.001).

Postprandial, there was no difference in ΔEE between energy spenders and energy savers (10.8 ± 5.1% vs 9.4 ± 5.7%). In a fasted state, significant correlations were observed between body fat

(%) and ΔEE (%) (_R_2 = 0.55, _p_ < 0.001), body fat (%) and ΔRQ (_R_2 = 0.28, _p_ < 0.001) and ΔEE (%) and ΔRQ (_R_2 = 0.43, _p_ < 0.001); these correlations were not present

after the meal. CONCLUSIONS The current study showed for the first time, that the observed difference between energy spenders and energy savers in a fasted state, disappeared after the

consumption of a meal. Therefore, metabolic state may be important to consider when assessing metabolic phenotypes. Differences in body composition were observed between the energy spender

and energy saver phenotype. The current findings may have implications on health and weight management recommendations on posture to increase non-exercise activity thermogenesis. This trial

was retrospectively registered on 19 December 2017 as NCT03378115 on Clinicaltrials.gov. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of subscription content, access

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Log in * Learn about institutional subscriptions * Read our FAQs * Contact customer support SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS REDUCED METABOLIC EFFICIENCY IN SEDENTARY EUCALORIC

CONDITIONS PREDICTS GREATER WEIGHT REGAIN IN ADULTS WITH OBESITY FOLLOWING SUSTAINED WEIGHT LOSS Article 21 January 2021 ENERGY EXPENDITURE, METABOLIC ADAPTATION, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND

ENERGY INTAKE FOLLOWING WEIGHT LOSS: COMPARISON BETWEEN BARIATRIC SURGERY AND LOW-CALORIE DIET Article Open access 30 October 2024 EFFECTS OF 10 WEEKS OF WALKING-BASED EXERCISE TRAINING ON

RESTING SUBSTRATE OXIDATION IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH OBESITY Article 23 November 2024 DATA AVAILABILITY The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors thank the participants for their participation in this study. FUNDING This research was supported by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and

there was no additional external financial support. AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology

Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System (NUHS), Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 14

Medical Drive #07-02, MD6 Building, Singapore, 117599, Singapore Stefan Gerardus Camps, Huann Rong Koh & Christiani Jeyakumar Henry * Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of

Medicine, National University of Singapore, S14 Level 5, Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117543, Singapore Christiani Jeyakumar Henry Authors * Stefan Gerardus Camps View author publications You

can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Huann Rong Koh View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Christiani Jeyakumar Henry

View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CONTRIBUTIONS CJH and SGC conceived and designed the experiments; HRK and SGC performed the experiments;

HRK and SGC analyzed the data; SGC wrote the paper; CJH reviewed the paper and had primary responsibility for the final content. CORRESPONDING AUTHORS Correspondence to Stefan Gerardus Camps

or Christiani Jeyakumar Henry. ETHICS DECLARATIONS COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing interests. A*Star did not play a role in the collection, analysis, and interpretation

of the data. ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE Ethical approval for all procedures involving human participants was obtained from the National Healthcare Group Domain Specific

Review Board (NHG DSRB). The research procedures and trial protocols were followed in accordance to the good clinical practice (GCP) guidelines and with the ethical standards in concordance

to the Declaration of Helsinki, 1983. Written informed consent for participation was obtained from all eligible participants before commencement. CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION Written informed

consent for data publication was obtained from all eligible participants before commencement. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PUBLISHER’S NOTE Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to

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CITE THIS ARTICLE Camps, S.G., Koh, H.R. & Henry, C.J. Posture economy: the importance of metabolic state on metabolic phenotype assessment and the energy cost of sitting and standing. A

whole body calorimetry trial. _Eur J Clin Nutr_ 76, 1178–1185 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-022-01077-7 Download citation * Received: 27 May 2021 * Revised: 28 December 2021 *

Accepted: 11 January 2022 * Published: 01 February 2022 * Issue Date: August 2022 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-022-01077-7 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the following link

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