Don’t be too quick to dismiss ‘dying trades’, those skills are still in demand

With the re-election of the Andrews government in Victoria, the Free TAFE for Priority Courses policy will be rolled out in 2019. This is a positive step towards repairing the TAFE system,

which has been damaged by years of funding cuts and competition with an unregulated private training sector. One question moving forward is whether or not free TAFE will support

manufacturing. Although Australian manufacturing now carries a stigma of decline, since 2016 productivity and employment in manufacturing has actually increased. But if we want to continue

this upward trend, we must avoid being held back by a lack of skilled workers to supply this expansion. ------------------------- _ READ MORE: TAFE HELPS SKILLS SHORTAGE MORE THAN PRIVATE

PROVIDERS _ ------------------------- It’s often assumed digital technologies have replaced traditional trades, and so we must focus our energies on STEM training. To some extent this is

true, but right now Australia’s manufacturing skills shortage isn’t only about STEM. We also need skilled workers on the industrial craft side of the spectrum. That is, trades sometimes

considered to be dying such as boilermaking, fitting and turning, moulding, toolmaking, and engineering patternmaking. THE SKILLS SHORTAGE IN AUSTRALIAN FOUNDRIES The skills shortage in the

foundry sector is a clear example of this problem. Australian foundries make a wide variety of cast metal objects, including mining and agricultural equipment and railway parts. Secretary of

the Australian Foundry Institute, Joe Vecchio told me: > Everyone keeps saying foundries are a dinosaur industry, they’re > dying. But every foundry is busy right now, and they want 

new > apprentices. For many years, foundries have experienced difficulty finding qualified tradespeople and apprentices in engineering patternmaking and moulding. Many have resorted to

using unskilled labour and providing in-house training. These shortages haven’t been fully acknowledged on the National Skills Needs List. Although Victoria’s free TAFE program includes

hints of manufacturing support, there are some notable gaps. WHAT IS ENGINEERING PATTERNMAKING AND WHY DOES IT MATTER? Engineering patternmakers use technical drawings to construct a 3D

pattern (like a model), which is used to produce a mould for metal casting or plastics production. Patternmakers make patterns for objects as large as the buckets on the end of diggers and

bulldozers, and as small as the moulds for glucose jube lollies. While traditionally trained as woodworkers, patternmakers today are trained to use a range of materials and technologies,

including computer aided design (digital drafting software known as CAD) and CNC machines (computer-numerically-controlled machine tools that use digital data to direct a machine on multiple

axes). Two things make patternmakers valuable for a thriving manufacturing sector: versatility and precision. Patternmakers aren’t tied to a single industry, and they are sticklers for

dimensional accuracy. Patternmakers’ materials and production knowledge means their advice to designers and manufacturers can result in a far more successful final product. Right now, only

seven apprentices are undertaking a patternmaking apprenticeship in Australia. To give you some idea of this disparity, Australia has approximately 4,200 qualified patternmakers and

toolmakers currently working in a variety of industries associated with metals and plastics production. The situation is similar for moulders. ------------------------- _ READ MORE: TO FIX

HIGHER EDUCATION FUNDING, WE ALSO NEED TO FIX VOCATIONAL EDUCATION _ ------------------------- The only remaining apprentice training location for patternmakers and moulders is TAFE

SkillsTech, in Brisbane. One of the barriers for employers taking on new apprentices is sending them to Queensland for block training. If you run a foundry in Tasmania, for instance, it

costs a lot to send an apprentice to Queensland if you factor in travel, accommodation and meals. Added to this is the challenge of sending 16-year-olds - almost exclusively boys - on their

own. For foundry and patternmaking employers outside Brisbane, taking on new apprentices often isn’t worth the expense or the stress. Patternmaking business owner Paul Kay, after a failed

attempt to send an apprentice to Queensland said he had just started getting used to the idea of working by himself. Another patternmaking business owner, Peter Phipps said he might have to

look overseas to employ someone, which he feels is too much hassle. Presently some foundries are resorting to informally upskilling carpenters and cabinetmakers in patternmaking. But this

approach carries risks. Other people from other trades may be very good at Computer Aided Design, but don’t necessarily understand patternmaking concepts like metal shrinkage and other

intricacies of moulding and casting processes. WHAT CAN BE DONE? The decline of foundry trades isn’t a natural result of market economics or automation. The market demand is there. It was a

political choice to ignore these skills, and it can be a political choice to revive them. It’s encouraging to see the free TAFE program supports a Certificate II in Engineering Pathways, for

instance, but this is a baby step. In the immediate term, apprenticeships in the foundry sector must be made more attractive by providing adequate government funding for apprentices to

attend training in Queensland. This would support their travel and safe housing on campus, and be customised to meet the unique educational and social needs of teenage apprentices. Moving

into the future, the survival of engineering patternmaking – among other trades – must be taken seriously, rather than written off as already redundant. If funded and prepared adequately,

apprentice training could be revived at a state-based TAFE level, with an emphasis on merging digital fabrication skills with traditional craft knowledge. ------------------------- _ READ

MORE: AUSTRALIA NEEDS TO DO MORE TO ARREST THE DECLINE IN APPRENTICESHIPS _ ------------------------- If we let industrial craft disappear, the ramifications will abound in the products

themselves. High quality manufacturing requires high quality workmanship – without those skills, production will be wasteful and full of rejects. Australian manufacturing will gain a

reputation for unreliable production. ------------------------- _To learn more about engineering patternmaking and the craft shadows of manufacturing, listen to the newly released HistoryLab

podcast episode, Invisible Hands._