In brief | Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology

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In brief | Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology"


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The overexpression of certain transcription factors can lead to the reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, but only a few cells actually become reprogrammed.


To investigate this, Hanna et al. used a system in which somatic cells (in this case B cells) have the same integration pattern of these transcription factors, which are expressed following


drug treatment. Reprogramming (assessed by the expression of the pluripotency factor NANOG tagged with green fluorescent protein) was observed in 3–5% of the cells after 2 weeks in culture


and increased to >92% after 18 weeks, indicating that it is a stochastic process during which all cells can become iPS cells. Inhibition of p53 or its effector p21 accelerated reprogramming


by increasing the rate of cell division. By contrast, ectopic expression of NANOG increased the reprogramming rate independently of cell division by a cell-intrinsic mechanism. So, this


study identifies two modes of generating iPS cells: cell division-dependent and cell division-independent reprogramming.


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