Measuring the matrix | Nature Reviews Cancer

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Measuring the matrix | Nature Reviews Cancer"


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Brown et al. used a principle called second harmonic generation (SHG) — an intrinsic fluorescent signal that can be detected without the addition of dyes or other reagents — to obtain


high-resolution three-dimensional images of fibrillar collagen in vivo. SHG imaging allowed the authors to view and measure the density of fibrillar structures in different tumour types in


mice (image shows SHG signal of collagen in red and cancer cell nuclei in green).


The SHG signal was found to vary among tumour types and was correlated with collagen content, as confirmed by other methods such as immunohistochemical staining of tissue sections. When the


authors applied collagenase enzymes to mouse melanomas and imaged them in vivo, the SHG signal gradually faded, indicating the breakdown of the collagen matrix. Furthermore, as the SHG


signal decreased, the diffusion co-efficient of a labelled molecular probe increased.


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