The evolutionary history of the cd209 (dc-sign) family in humans and non-human primates

ABSTRACT The _CD209_ gene family that encodes C-type lectins in primates includes _CD209_ (DC-SIGN), _CD209L_ (L-SIGN) and _CD209L2_. Understanding the evolution of these genes can help

understand the duplication events generating this family, the process leading to the repeated neck region and identify protein domains under selective pressure. We compiled sequences from 14

primates representing 40 million years of evolution and from three non-primate mammal species. Phylogenetic analyses used Bayesian inference, and nucleotide substitutional patterns were

assessed by codon-based maximum likelihood. Analyses suggest that CD209 genes emerged from a first duplication event in the common ancestor of anthropoids, yielding _CD2_09_L2_ and an

ancestral _CD209_ gene, which, in turn, duplicated in the common Old World primate ancestor, giving rise to _CD2_09_L_ and _CD209. K_A/_K_S values averaged over the entire tree were 0.43

(_CD209_), 0.52 (_CD209L_) and 0.35 (_CD209L2_), consistent with overall signatures of purifying selection. We also assessed the Toll-like receptor (_TLR_) gene family, which shares with

_CD209_ genes a common profile of evolutionary constraint. The general feature of purifying selection of _CD209_ genes, despite an apparent redundancy (gene absence and gene loss), may

reflect the need to faithfully recognize a multiplicity of pathogen motifs, commensals and a number of self-antigens. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of

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EXTINCTIONS OF CO-DIVERSIFIED PRIMATE GUT BACTERIAL SYMBIONTS FROM HUMANS Article 11 May 2023 LINEAGE-SPECIFIC PROTEIN REPEAT EXPANSIONS AND CONTRACTIONS REVEAL MALLEABLE REGIONS OF IMMUNE

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lysozyme evolution. _Mol Biol Evol_ 1998; 15: 568–573. Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  Download references ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Keith Mansfield and Kuei-Chin Lin from the New

England Primate Center, and Charles Buillard and Eugène Chabloz from the Zoo of Servion for materials. This work was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation and a grant for

interdisciplinary research from the Faculty of Biology and Medicine of the University of Lausanne. This project has been funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the National

Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under contract N01-CO-12400. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health

and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. This research was supported in part by the Intramural

Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research. AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne,

Switzerland M Ortiz, K Zhang & A Telenti * Center of Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland H Kaessmann * Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, US Army

Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, USA A Bashirova * Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, SAIC-Frederick Inc.,

NCI–Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA M Carrington * Institut Pasteur, Human Evolutionary Genetics, CNRS, URA3012, Paris, France L Quintana-Murci Authors * M Ortiz View author publications You

can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * H Kaessmann View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * K Zhang View author publications

You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * A Bashirova View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * M Carrington View author

publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * L Quintana-Murci View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * A Telenti

View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to A Telenti. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Supplementary Information

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ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Ortiz, M., Kaessmann, H., Zhang, K. _et al._ The evolutionary history of the CD209 (DC-SIGN) family in humans and non-human primates. _Genes Immun_ 9,

483–492 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/gene.2008.40 Download citation * Received: 02 April 2008 * Revised: 24 April 2008 * Accepted: 25 April 2008 * Published: 05 June 2008 * Issue Date:

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shareable link is not currently available for this article. Copy to clipboard Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative KEYWORDS * C-type lectins * HIV * Ebola *

Mycobacteria * innate immunity * DC-SIGN