Acetyl-coa carboxylase β expression mediated by myod and muscle regulatory factor 4 is differentially affected by retinoic acid receptor and retinoid x receptor

ABSTRACT Mammals have two major isoforms of acetyl-CoA carboxyase (ACC). The 275 kDa β-form (ACCβ) is predominantly in heart and skeletal muscle while the 265 kDa α-form (ACCα) is the major

isoform in lipogenic tissues such as liver and adipose tissue. ACCα is thought to control fatty acid oxidation by means of the ability of malonyl-CoA to inhibit carnitine palmitoyl-CoA

transferase-1 (CPT-1), which is a rate-limiting enzyme of fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria. Previously, it was reported that MyoD and other muscle regulating factors (MRFs) up-regulate

the expression of ACCβ by interactions between these factors and several cis-elements of ACCβ promoter. We described here that ACCβ expression mediated by MRFs is regulated by retinoic

acids. Endogenous expression of ACCβ in differentiated H9C2 myotube was significantly increased by retinoic acid treatment. However, on transient transfection assay in H9C2 myoblast, ACCβ

promoter activity was suppressed by RXRα and more severely by RARα. These effects on ACCβ expression in myoblasts and myotubes by RXRα and RARα seem to be mediated by their interactions with

MRFs because no consensus sequence for RXRα and RARα has been found in ACCβ promoter and retinoic acid receptors did not affect this promoter activities by itself. In transient transfection

in NIH3T3 fibroblast, the activation of ACCβ promoter by MyoD, main MRF in myoblast, was significantly suppressed by RARα and to a less extent by RXRα while the RXRα drastically augmented

the activation by MRF4, major MRF in myotube. These results explained that retinoic acids differentially affected the action of MRFs according to their types and RXRα specially elevates the

expression of muscle specific genes by stimulating the action of MRF4. SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS TAZ LINKS EXERCISE TO MITOCHONDRIAL BIOGENESIS VIA MITOCHONDRIAL TRANSCRIPTION

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INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, Korea Ju-Youn Kim Authors * Ju-Youn Kim View

author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Jae-Jung Lee View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar *

Kyung-Sup Kim View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the

Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any

medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Kim, JY., Lee, JJ. & Kim, KS. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase β expression

mediated by MyoD and muscle regulatory factor 4 is differentially affected by retinoic acid receptor and retinoid X receptor. _Exp Mol Med_ 35, 23–29 (2003).

https://doi.org/10.1038/emm.2003.4 Download citation * Published: 01 February 2003 * Issue Date: 01 February 2003 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/emm.2003.4 SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you

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Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative KEYWORDS * acetyl-CoA carboxylase * muscles * MyoD protein * receptors * retinoic acid * retinoids * transcription factors