Mysterious exploding star and more — January’s best science images

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Mysterious exploding star and more — January’s best science images"


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Mysterious exploding star and more — January’s best science images The month’s sharpest science shots, selected by Nature’s photo team.


By Emma Stoye


31 January 2024


Marcio Cabral


Marcio Cabral


Under the stars. This panoramic photo of Paepalanthus flowers under the Milky Way in Brazil’s Chapada dos Veadeiros national park was a winner of the 2023 Nature Photography Contest. To


capture the shot, landscape photographer Marcio Cabral illuminated the flowers with a lamp and used a camera specialized for astrophotography.


Gerhard Vlcek/cupoty.com


Gerhard Vlcek/cupoty.com


Ready for the close-up. Capturing this microscopic cross section of marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) stems was a challenge for photographer Gerhard Vlcek, who won the Micro category of the


Close-up Photographer of the Year contest with this colourful shot (see below for a selection of other winning entries). “Staining and preparing the sample was very tricky,” Vlcek writes in


his competition entry. “I had to use the tiniest brush to manipulate the less-than-1mm parts in different staining and chemical solutions before positioning the stems on the slide. After


that, taking the photograph was the easy part!”


Mosquito eggs form a raft. Credit: Barry Webb/cupoty.com


Mosquito eggs form a raft. Credit: Barry Webb/cupoty.com


Wood ants firing jets of acid. Credit: René Krekels/cupoty.com


Wood ants firing jets of acid. Credit: René Krekels/cupoty.com


Frost forming on a slime mould. Credit: Barry Webb/cupoty.com


Frost forming on a slime mould. Credit: Barry Webb/cupoty.com


Shrimp hovers above a mosaic sea star. Credit: Simon Theuma/cupoty.com


Shrimp hovers above a mosaic sea star. Credit: Simon Theuma/cupoty.com


Dew-covered damselfly. Credit: Pete Burford/cupoty.com


Dew-covered damselfly. Credit: Pete Burford/cupoty.com


Lava moray eel. Credit: Liang Fu/cupoty.com


Lava moray eel. Credit: Liang Fu/cupoty.com


Fairy shrimp carrying eggs. Credit: René Krekels/cupoty.com


Fairy shrimp carrying eggs. Credit: René Krekels/cupoty.com


Ferrofluid under the influence of a strong magnet. Credit: Jack Margerison/cupoty.com


Ferrofluid under the influence of a strong magnet. Credit: Jack Margerison/cupoty.com


Item 1 of 8 Mosquito eggs form a raft. Credit: Barry Webb/cupoty.com


Mosquito eggs form a raft. Credit: Barry Webb/cupoty.com


Wood ants firing jets of acid. Credit: René Krekels/cupoty.com


Wood ants firing jets of acid. Credit: René Krekels/cupoty.com


Frost forming on a slime mould. Credit: Barry Webb/cupoty.com


Frost forming on a slime mould. Credit: Barry Webb/cupoty.com


Shrimp hovers above a mosaic sea star. Credit: Simon Theuma/cupoty.com


Shrimp hovers above a mosaic sea star. Credit: Simon Theuma/cupoty.com


Dew-covered damselfly. Credit: Pete Burford/cupoty.com


Dew-covered damselfly. Credit: Pete Burford/cupoty.com


Lava moray eel. Credit: Liang Fu/cupoty.com


Lava moray eel. Credit: Liang Fu/cupoty.com


Fairy shrimp carrying eggs. Credit: René Krekels/cupoty.com


Fairy shrimp carrying eggs. Credit: René Krekels/cupoty.com


Ferrofluid under the influence of a strong magnet. Credit: Jack Margerison/cupoty.com


Ferrofluid under the influence of a strong magnet. Credit: Jack Margerison/cupoty.com


Melanoma fighters. This video shows immune cells called CD4+ T cells (green) attacking cancer cells (red) in skin. CD4+ T cells are often called helper T cells, because they are known to


play a part in activating and regulating other immune cells. But a detailed analysis that shows how effective CD4+ T cells are at controlling melanoma challenges a conventional understanding


of their role. “Harnessing their potential therapeutically holds great promise for the development and improvement of current cancer immunotherapies,” Thomas Gebhardt, an immunologist at


the University of Melbourne, Australia, said in a statement.


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This video has no sound. Credit: Dr Bawden/Doherty Institute


This video has no sound. Credit: Dr Bawden/Doherty Institute


ESA


ESA


Tiny spines. Each plasma-etched cone on this glass surface measures less than one-hundredth of a millimetre across. The features, captured using a scanning electron microscope, were created


as part of a European Space Agency project to improve the reliability of atomic clocks for space; these involve glass components that can become degraded by chemical etching and other


processes.


Nasir Kachroo/NurPhoto via Getty


Nasir Kachroo/NurPhoto via Getty


Dry January. The Kashmir Valley is a popular winter tourist destination owing to its mountains and ski resorts — such as Gulmarg, pictured here, where the hills are normally snow-covered in


January. But the valley has been afflicted by an exceptional drought, with no snow and an almost 80% shortfall in rain between December 2023 and the first week of January. In future,


droughts in the region could become more regular and extended as a result of climate change, scientists have warned. As well as affecting tourism, water scarcity has negative impacts on


saffron farming and other agriculture.


Antoine Dorison and Stéphen Rostain


Antoine Dorison and Stéphen Rostain


Lost cities. Scientists have revealed the extent of a sprawling ancient settlement hidden beneath dense vegetation in the Amazon rainforest using LIDAR imaging combined with ground


excavations. The 2,500-year-old remains include a series of interconnected cities — including houses, plazas, roads and canals — in eastern Ecuador that are comparable in size to those of


Mayan cities in Mexico and Central America. Archaeologists think that the cities could have been home to tens or even hundreds of thousands of people for up to 1,000 years, but little is


known about what their society was like.


X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO; Optical: NASA/ESA/STScI; IR: NASA/ESA/CSA/STScI/Milisavljevic et al., NASA/JPL/CalTech; Image Processing: NASA/CXC/SAO/J. Schmidt and K. Arcand


X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO; Optical: NASA/ESA/STScI; IR: NASA/ESA/CSA/STScI/Milisavljevic et al., NASA/JPL/CalTech; Image Processing: NASA/CXC/SAO/J. Schmidt and K. Arcand


Star debris. A composite image of Cassiopeia A, the remnant of an exploded star, or supernova, brings together data from several NASA telescopes: X-rays from Chandra (blue), infrared data


from the JWST and Spitzer (red, green, blue) and optical data from Hubble (red and white). While analysing the Chandra data, researchers found that filaments in the outer part of Cassiopeia


A closely matched the X-ray properties of a mysterious structure in the remnant called the Green Monster; this was first identified in JWST infrared data from April 2023. “We already


suspected the Green Monster was created by a blast wave from the exploded star slamming into material surrounding it,” Jacco Vink, an astrophysicist at the University of Amsterdam, said in a


statement. “Chandra helped us clinch the case.”


Mériol Lehmann


Mériol Lehmann


Frozen lake. A few snow-free days offered a rare opportunity for photographer Mériol Lehmann to photograph the unusual patterns of ice on the surface of this frozen lake in the


Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec, Canada. “Usually, at this time, there is abundant snow … the icy surface of the lake is thus always invisible,” says Lehmann. “My family has had a farm there


for 40 years, and this is the first time I have witnessed such a spectacle.” The photo was taken using a drone.


Onur Coban/Redux/eyevine


Onur Coban/Redux/eyevine


Seal settlers. This group of grey seals was spotted lounging on the beach at Les Hemmes de Marck on France’s Opal coast on 1 January. The species disappeared from northern France in the


1970s, because of fishing. But since the introduction of protective measures in the 1980s, the animals have begun to return. More than 1,000 seals now live in the area, but their future is


uncertain owing to the health consequences of ocean warming.


Shifting sands. In early January, a series of powerful earthquakes struck Japan.


As well as triggering tsunamis and reducing many buildings to rubble, the quakes caused land uplift that shifted the coastline offshore by up to 250 metres in some areas.


These satellite images show a beach in the country’s Noto Peninsula before and after the quakes.


The sea floor has risen above the water, leaving some ports completely dry and inaccessible to boats.


Credit: Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, processed by Nahel Belgherze


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