Risks and consequences of childhood and adolescent obesity

ABSTRACT This report reviews the risks and consequences associated with childhood and adolescent obesity. Although no consensus definition of childhood obesity exists, the various measures

encountered in the literature are moderately well correlated. The paper is organized in three parts. The first section reviews childhood obesity sequelae that occur during childhood. These

short-term risks, for orthopedic, neurological, pulmonary, gasteroenterological, and endocrine conditions, although largely limited to severely overweight children, are becoming more common

as the prevalence of severe overweight rises. The social burden of pediatric obesity, especially during middle childhood and adolescence, may have lasting effects on self-esteem, body image

and economic mobility. The second section examines the intermediate consequences, such as the development of cardiovascular risk factors and persistence of obesity into adulthood. These

mid-range effects of early obesity presage later adult disease and premature mortality. In the final section, the small body of research on the long-term morbidity and mortality associated

with childhood obesity is reviewed. These studies suggest that risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality is elevated among those who were overweight during childhood. The high

prevalence and dramatic secular trend toward increasing childhood obesity suggest that without aggressive approaches to prevention and treatment, the attendant health and social consequences

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IN YOUNG ADULTHOOD Article 16 December 2024 AGE AT ADIPOSITY REBOUND AND THE RELEVANCE FOR OBESITY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS Article 18 April 2022 PREDICTING BODY MASS INDEX IN

EARLY CHILDHOOD USING DATA FROM THE FIRST 1000 DAYS Article Open access 31 May 2023 AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Tufts

University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA A Must * Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, UMDNJ, New Jersey’s

University of the Health Sciences, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, One Robert Wood Johnson Place–CN19, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0019, USA RS Strauss Authors * A Must View author

publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * RS Strauss View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar RIGHTS AND

PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Must, A., Strauss, R. Risks and consequences of childhood and adolescent obesity. _Int J Obes_ 23 (Suppl 2), S2–S11

(1999). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0800852 Download citation * Published: 26 April 1999 * Issue Date: 01 March 1999 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0800852 SHARE THIS ARTICLE

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by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative KEYWORDS * childhood obesity * adolescent obesity * risk factors * persistence * morbidity