Added weight stretched capacity of metro's line 12 to the limit

The elevated section of Line 12 of the Mexico City Metro, part of which collapsed last month, was overburdened by the weight of its tracks, according to a report by the newspaper _Milenio_.

The Mexico City government hired a company in 2014 to inspect that section of the line due to warping of some sections of tracks. The company, Systra, recommended the replacement of several

rail track components including the rails themselves, sleepers, fasteners and ballast. In a report submitted to the government, Systra said it didn’t detect any “anomalies” with the

structure that supported the elevated tracks but advised against it being overloaded. However, the Mexico City Ministry of Public Works and the then director of the Metro system, Joel

Ortega, chose replacement track components that did overburden the structure, _Milenio_ reported. Citing government information, _Milenio_ said the combined weight of almost 38,000 fasteners

increased fivefold to almost 950,000 kilos, an increase of 759,760 kilograms, or nearly 760 tonnes. The combined weight of the new sleepers was 6.53 million kilograms, an increase of 1.53

million kilos, while the replacement rails weighed just under 1.35 million kilograms, an increase of 76,007 kilos. All told, the structure supporting the elevated section of Line 12 was

burdened with an additional 2,367 tonnes of weight. During six years of service, and two powerful earthquakes in September 2017, the excess weight damaged the infrastructure supporting the

elevated section, _Milenio_ said. “Experts consulted by _Milenio_ commented that this excess load took the structure to its elastic limits, creating cracks, fragmentation and deformation

[that] damaged [metal and concrete] sheets, beams and columns,” the newspaper said, adding that the situation worsened as a result of the 2017 earthquakes. _Milenio_ said that unionized

Metro workers were the first to notice that columns supporting the elevated section of Line 12 had shifted due to the excess weight they were supporting. In early October 2014, the secretary

general of the union, Fernando Espino, wrote to then Metro chief Jorge Gaviño to request a “meticulous inspection” of Line 12, “specifically the structure and columns on the elevated

section because some displacements of the structure have been identified.” Three companies that built the line, Carso Infrastructure and Construction, ICA and Alstom, were contracted to

inspect and repair the elevated section and Gaviño subsequently said it was safe to reopen the line, which had closed in the wake of the earthquakes. Less than four years later, 26 people

were killed when part of the elevated section collapsed on the night of May 3. The preliminary results of an independent inquiry conducted by the Norwegian firm DNV found that a series of

faults during construction caused the collapse. DNV’s report noted deformations, fractures and displacement of beams that form part of the structure that supports the elevated section. The

excess weight placed on the structure during a period of several years may have contributed to the collapse, the _Milenio _report suggests_. _ DNV will release a final report detailing the

results of its investigation into the cause of the tragedy later this year. _With reports from Milenio _