Your one true credit score doesn't exist: there are several

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Your one true credit score doesn't exist: there are several"


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DEAR LIZ: I've been using a free credit site to learn more about credit reports and credit scores. Recently I looked around and found reviews about how "horribly inaccurate"


these free scores are. Where can I go to find my real FICO credit scores? I need the ones that matter, the ones that lenders use. ANSWER: Some free scores aren't used by any lenders.


But many sites these days give out VantageScores, a FICO rival that's being used in a growing number of credit decisions. So VantageScores are "real" scores, just not the most


commonly used scores. Here's the thing, though: You generally can't predict which scores a lender will use. Not only are there different name brands, but FICO offers versions


customized for certain types of lending. The scores typically used by credit card issuers are different from the ones used by auto lenders, for example. These industry-specific FICO scores


are on a 250-to-900 scale, rather than the 300-to-850 scale used by other FICO scores. There are also different generations of each type of score, much like the different operating systems


for your computer. Some lenders quickly upgrade to the latest version, just as some computer users upgraded to Windows 10 when it came out. Others use older versions of the scores, just as


users may cling to Vista or XP. (For you Mac users, that would be something like hanging on to Mountain Lion or Snow Leopard instead of updating to El Capitan.) Mortgage lenders, in


particular, use relatively old versions of FICO. That's because the agencies that buy most home loans, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, haven't updated their requirements so that


lenders can use newer versions. Some credit card companies offer their customers free FICO scores, typically from one bureau. You can get a glimpse of the array of scores lenders might use


by buying the most commonly used FICO, the FICO 8, for about $20 each from MyFico.com. Along with each FICO 8 you buy (you can buy three, one from each of the three major credit bureaus),


you'll get additional versions used for auto, credit card and mortgage lending. If you're going to be in the market for a major loan, such as a car loan or a mortgage, it makes


sense to buy your FICOs so you can get a better idea of how lenders might view you. If you're just interested in tracking your scores generally, though, the free versions can be


perfectly adequate. MORE ON SAVING FOR RETIREMENT DEAR LIZ: Here is another take on your response to the reader who questioned whether retirement calculators were a hoax that promoted


excessive savings rates. You mentioned that current retirees had enough pensions, Social Security and savings to replace nearly 100% of their working income, while younger people likely


would have only enough to replace 50%. You closed your advice by asking if the letter writer would be comfortable living on 50% of that person's income. For a non-saver, that is a fair


question. But for a saver, it isn't an accurate comparison. If one is presently saving, say, 10%, then that person is already living on 90% of current income. If saving 15%, then that


person is already living on 85%. When you analyze the expected impact of having the compounded savings at retirement, the true "step down" in income is really the difference


between the current 90% or 85% figure and what you will have with Social Security, part-time job income, pension (if you work for the government) and savings. The gap becomes much more


manageable, because you already are used to living on 10% to 15% less than your current income. The point?  Savers are already accustomed to living on less — in some cases, significantly


less — than current income. Between the already lowered current disposable income and the benefit from the accumulated savings and investments, the "step down" gap is made


manageable. Saving helps on both ends. ANSWER: That's an excellent point. Taxes are another factor to consider. Working people pay nearly 8% of their wages in Social Security and


Medicare taxes, an expense that disappears when work ends. Income tax brackets often drop in retirement as well. Still, there are good reasons to shoot for a higher replacement rate than you


think you may need. Investment markets don't always cooperate and give you the returns you expect. Inflation can kick up and erode the value of what you've saved. Careers can be


disrupted, leading to lower wages or an earlier retirement than you planned. People who have "oversaved" will be in a better position to deal with these setbacks than those who


save only enough to scrape by. LIZ WESTON IS A PERSONAL FINANCE COLUMNIST FOR NERDWALLET. QUESTIONS MAY BE SENT TO HER AT 3940 LAUREL CANYON, NO. 238, STUDIO CITY, CA 91604, OR BY USING THE


"CONTACT" FORM AT ASKLIZWESTON.COM. DISTRIBUTED BY NO MORE RED INC.


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