At a crossroads : culture: a new study triggers debate on whether intermarried jews and their children should be wooed back to the community.

What happens to the children of intermarriage when they leave the faith? That question is dividing Jewish leaders as they consider their response to a new study. “Why should the Jewish

community put its effort and money into strengthening the tenuous Judaism of people who call themselves Christians?” asks Rela Geffen Monson, a Pennsylvania sociologist. “If you want to kiss

those kids goodby, that’s your choice,” answers Egon Mayer, a Brooklyn College sociologist. “If they happen to be my grandchildren, I’m not kissing them goodby.” The debate follows the

release of the 1990 National Jewish Population Survey, believed to be the largest study of Jewish American population trends. Among its most important findings are that 52% of Jews who

married since 1985 have Gentile spouses, double the 26% figure of the last such study, 20 years ago. The report also says 72% of children in intermarried families are being raised with no

religion or a religion other than Judaism. It also says that 90% of children of intermarriage are marrying non-Jewish people. The telephone survey of 2,441 homes, covering more than 6,500

people, was released in June, but scholars delved deeper into the data at a recent conference at the University of Judaism in Los Angeles. Despite the findings, few, if any, scholars and

leaders predicted the demise of Judaism. “I didn’t meet anybody (who thought) like that,” said Barry A. Kosmin, a sociologist who directed the study for the nonprofit Council of Jewish

Federations in New York. The study estimated that there are 5.5 million Jews in the United States. “The positive side is that there are 8.2 million people who are Jewish or living in the

same households with Jews who are influenced by Jews, and that’s quite clear. . . . Economically, educationally and politically, those non-Jews living or married with Jews look like Jews

increasingly.” Yet almost everyone at the conference found the data sobering. The report “poses an unprecedented challenge to the modern American Jewish community,” said Mayer, one of the

foremost experts on Jewish intermarriage. He said the question is whether American Jewry would “retain its organizational strength (and) its cultural vitality into the 21st Century.” Steven

Bayme, director of Jewish communal affairs for the American Jewish Committee in New York, said he is startled by the number of children of intermarried families reared outside Judaism. “The

implications remain to be seen,” he said. “But certainly for those being raised in some other faith, say Catholicism or Protestantism, for all intents and purposes, that’s a loss.” About 31%

of the children of Jewish-Gentile couples were being raised with no religion. About 60% of intermarried Jews said that, at some level, being Jewish is important to them. That gives Jewry

two options, the leaders said. “One is to strengthen the core Jewish population and to invest all available resources in that,” says Carol Karsch, executive director of the Jewish Community

Foundation of Southern Arizona. The other, she said, is to strengthen ties to Judaism for intermarried adults--and their children--if they retain an interest in Jewish life. Bruce Whizin, a

philanthropist from Sherman Oaks, favors the second course. “I have four children that all married outside (the faith),” he told conferees. “Last year one of my sons called and said we

haven’t had a Passover Seder in a couple of years. Can we do that? . . . Frankly, there were (religious) parts of that Seder I wasn’t too happy about. What I was happy about was that it was

at their instigation. Now the grandfather part of me has a little hopefulness.” Sociologist Bruce Phillips of Hebrew Union College developed data from the study that helps explain

intermarriage. “In the 1940s and 1950s,” Phillips said, “Jews who were most successful had a harder time finding other Jews who were of the same social status. When they wanted to marry

someone within their class, they ended up with non-Jews. “Now we’re finding the opposite. Jews have been upwardly mobile. Jews who haven’t kept up have been left behind.” The fourth

generation is a key to the survival of American Jews, Phillips said. Waves of immigrant Sephardic Jews in Colonial times and German Jews around the 1840s both generally disappeared by the

fourth generation. “Now, 100 years after the (third group of) Russian Jews immigrated to this country in 1881, the Jewish community is weakening, but it’s not disappearing,” he said. It is

hard to know how to use these findings, conferees said. “In the past century the central challenges to Jewish survival have been framed by pogroms, the Holocaust, the rebirth of the state of

Israel and the salvaging of remnant Jewish populations in beleaguered lands,” Mayer said. In the United States, however, the threat comes from a society so open that Jews can become

anything they want, including adherents of other religions. “If there’s a threat to the Jewish community, it is less from external forces than from the homogenizing forces of an incredibly

exciting and attractive society,” Mayer said. “It’s a lot more fun than most of what the Jewish culture has to offer.” Mayer favors reaching out to intermarried Jews and their children.

Anti-intermarriage campaigns have failed, and marriage to Gentiles is “an inevitability for the vast majority of American Jews,” he says. Reform synagogues have organized most of the

outreach programs and offer education for children, workshops for adults and counseling for potential converts. To reach out more effectively, Jewish community centers and other agencies

must become involved, Mayer said. Bayme argues that among traditional Jews, prevention is still an efficient tool. Although there is an 85% to 90% intermarriage rate for children of

intermarried parents, he says, among children of two Jewish parents, the figure is 30%. No matter what approach the Jewish community takes, the report will force leaders to look at

intermarried couples and their children differently, Phillips said. “On the one hand they are marrying Gentiles. On the other, they don’t perceive that this has excluded them from the Jewish

community or that they are leaving the Jewish community,” Phillips said. “It’s people who are real involved in the Jewish community who tend to see it that way.” Family Matters * Jews

married to non-Jews Percent Pre-1965: 9 1965-74: 26 1975-84: 44 1985-90: 52 * Children under 18 in Jewish-Gentile households Raised Jewish: 27.8 Raised in no religion: 30.8 Raised in other

religion: 41.4 * Jewish practices in Jewish-Gentile households Attend Passover Seder: 62 Light Hanukkah candles: 59 Contribute to Jewish charity in: 1989: 28 Light candles on Sabbath: 19

Membership in synagogue: 13 * Rate of mixed marriages by region West: 46.5 South: 33.7 Northeast: 24.6 Midwest: 24.0 * Rate of mixed marriages by education level High school: 64.0 Some

college: 58.8 College graduate: 47.7 Advanced degree: 37.0 MORE TO READ