Community features that help people who are blind or deaf

For a person with diminished or no vision or hearing, the first steps to a livable community are literally safe steps. Being able to securely navigate sidewalks, cross streets and ride

public transportation are keys to independence and mobility. Public spaces that take the varied needs of visitors into account empower and encourage all sorts of people to get out and about.

Following are some tools and technologies communities can use to help meet the needs of people of all ages and abilities. (When you're done checking out the helpful solutions, below,

learn about some of the Old and New Challenges for People with Vision and Hearing Impairments.) OBSTACLE-FREE SIDEWALKS Whether someone is vision-impaired, signing as they talk, pushing a

stroller or running, it's tough to weave through an obstacle course of trash cans and sidewalk debris. In Charlotte, North Carolina, a humorous ad campaign launched in 2013 educated

residents about the hazards of leaving trash cans in the sidewalk, says Terry Bradley, Charlotte's communications manager and Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) coordinator. The city

works with utilities to make sure new poles aren't placed in the middle of the sidewalk. In addition, the city known for its tree-lined streets has moved away from planting trees in

the sidewalk, says Bradley: "We took a unified approach, showing how when you assist any one group, it helps everyone." ACCESSIBLE PEDESTRIAN SIGNALS In May 2016 students with

vision impairment got to test-drive Kansas City's new streetcar system. Photo courtesy the Children's Center for the Visually Impaired and the city of Kansas City, Missouri

Pedestrian crosswalk signals that talk and vibrate take the guesswork out of crossing the street and are a big step up from the signals that rely on chirps and cuckoos to indicate when a

street is safe to cross. An accessible pedestrian signal (APS) provides information in audible tones, verbal messages and/or vibrating surfaces so a pedestrian with vision loss can not only

know that the "Walk" signal is on for crossing an intersection, but exactly which direction is safe. For instance, when a pedestrian pushes the "Walk" button, a voice

will come on and, for example, say in New York City, "Now waiting to cross Broadway at West 23rd Street." When the "Walk" sign illuminates, the button vibrates and a

directional arrow lines up with the crosswalk so a visually impaired person can safely step forward. Charlotte, San Antonio and Kansas City, Missouri, are among the many cities installing

these types of crosswalk signals. "It makes such a difference in so many people's lives," says Neva Fairchild, an independent living and employment specialist for the American

Foundation for the Blind. A STREETCAR NAMED ACCESSIBLE Kansas City, Missouri, debuted its new streetcar system in May. Before the official opening kindergarteners from the Children's

Center for the Visually Impaired got a preview test ride to see how easy the system is to navigate. The KC Streetcar offers level boarding at all of its stops, so it's friendly for

wheelchairs, bicycles, baby strollers and anything with wheels. Kiosks at stops are within ADA reach ranges and have push buttons for contacting a live customer service person. A headphone

jack next to the button enables users to have a quieter, more private conversation. Touchscreens on the kiosks scroll with the light brush of a finger. THE BRAILLE TRAIL An overlook near the

Braille Trail provides an opportunity to experience the Charles River by fishing or listening to the water flow. Photo courtesy Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation The

quarter-mile Braille Trail in Watertown, Massachusetts, enables people with impaired vision to walk along the Charles River without any help. (That means no companion, guide dog or cane

needed.) Instead, a guide wire with different kinds of beads distributed along it indicates the presence nearby of features such as signage and benches. The guided walk has 10 interpretative

displays that are written in both visual words and Braille. A sensory garden contains stone walls that people can climb on and two boats where people can sit. A musical marimba-style bench

allows visitors to strike wooden slats to play music. An overlook provides an opportunity to experience the Charles River by fishing or listening to the water flow. The trail, which is

located just two blocks from the Perkins School for the Blind, is part of the Watertown Riverfront Park and involved planning with Perkins, the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and

Recreation and local groups. "It’s really liberating for someone who is blind to have the opportunity, without holding a dog or a cane, to be in nature one-on-one," says Kim

Charlson, director of the Braille and Talking Books Library at Perkins. To further inclusion and counter the marginalization of people who are blind, the Perkins School hosts a website for

the sighted called BlindNewWorld. WIDE SIDEWALKS Wider sidewalks, such as this one at Gallaudet University, the world's only university designed specifically for students who are deaf,

are more useful and safer for people of all ages and abilities. Photo courtesy Gallaudet University For people who are deaf or hard of hearing, the ideal sidewalk is nine or 10 feet wide,

which is three times wider than the three-foot sidewalks built 50 years ago, says Hansel Bauman, architect and executive director of campus design and construction at the Washington,

D.C.-based Gallaudet University, which is the world's only university designed to be barrier-free for students who are deaf. That extra width, which exceeds the guidelines in the

Americans with Disabilities Act, gives people more room to speak in sign language and watch one another as they walk together, Bauman says. GOOD BUMPS IN THE ROAD  Detectable warnings, also

called "truncated domes" or "tactile paving," are tiled, bumpy squares that are placed before the edge of the sidewalk to signal that the next steps will be into the

street. Detectable warnings, also called "truncated domes" or "tactile paving," are used on sidewalks to signal that the next steps will be into the street. Photo by Ron

Bailey/iStock Photos Detectable warnings are a standard under Public Rights of Way Guidelines and will likely become the ADA standard in the future, says Meg Conger, ADA compliance manager

in Kansas City, Missouri. "It's important for someone with sight impairment to know when they're leaving the sidewalk or right of way and are about to step into traffic,"

Conger says. The bumpy pavement warning is also helpful to people who are speaking in sign language as they walk, says Gallaudet's Hansel Bauman: "People can sense they're

getting close to the edge of the sidewalk without having to look away from their conversation." ACCESSIBLE THEATERS The musical "Jersey Boys" featured a simultaneously

open-captioned and signed performance on Broadway. Photo by David LeShay, Theatre Development Fund Theatre Access NYC is breaking through the sound and sight barrier to enable people with

vision and hearing loss or impairments to enjoy shows on Broadway, says David LeShay, director of marketing and public relations at Theatre Development Fund. The group’s website

(theatreaccess.nyc) helps theatergoers find venues and shows that regularly provide assistive technologies including I-Caption units (handheld closed caption devices), assistive listening

devices (headphone units that amplify the sound onstage), open-captioned performances, sign language interpreted performances and D-scriptive audio devices that provide a detailed account of

all onstage activity. _Karen Haywood Queen is a freelance writer and former Associated Press (AP) reporter whose articles have appeared in AARP Bulletin, The Washington Post, The Los

Angeles Times and other publications._ _Published June 2016_ SEE ALSO